Medicine Pharmacology

# Medicine Pharmacology

## 1. Core Principles (PK/PD)
- **PK (ADME):** The movement of drugs through the body. Absorption via GI/parenteral routes; Distribution governed by protein binding and Vd; Metabolism primarily hepatic (CYP450 system); Excretion via renal clearance.
- **PD:** The biochemical/physiological effects of drugs on the body. Receptor theory (agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists).

## 2. Autonomic Pharmacology
- **Cholinergic:** Agonists (e.g., bethanechol) vs. Antagonists (e.g., atropine). Mechanisms involving AChE inhibition.
- **Adrenergic:** Catecholamines (Epi, NE, Dopamine). Alpha/Beta receptor selectivity profiles.

## 3. Cardiovascular Pharmacology
- **Anti-hypertensives:** ACE inhibitors/ARBs (RAAS inhibition), CCBs (L-type channel blockade), Beta-blockers (B1 selectivity).
- **Anti-arrhythmics:** Vaughan-Williams classification (Class I-IV).

## 4. CNS Pharmacology
- **Neurotransmitters:** Modulation of GABA (benzodiazepines/barbiturates), Serotonin (SSRIs/SNRIs), and Dopamine (antipsychotics).
- **Anesthetics:** Potency (MAC) and induction kinetics.

## 5. Antimicrobial Stewardship
- **Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors:** Beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins).
- **Protein Synthesis Inhibitors:** Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, Tetracyclines.
- **Resistance Mechanisms:** Beta-lactamases, altered binding proteins.

## 6. Clinical Toxicology
- Principles of overdose management: Decontamination, elimination enhancement, and specific antidotes (e.g., N-acetylcysteine for APAP, Naloxone for opioids).